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Muijs, D. (2011). Leadership and organisational performance: From research to prescription? The International Journal of Educational Management, 25(1), 45-60.
The purpose of this literature review and informal meta-analysis was to examine the current state of research regarding the impact of leadership on student outcomes, the prominent leadership activities correlated to those outcomes, and the general state of the research base upon which leaders are leading and leadership programs are teaching. The study was done because the interest among political leaders and researchers in school leadership has grown without sufficient examination of the quality of the data used in making prescriptions for schools and their leaders.
The informal meta-analysis resulted in four categories: the extent of leadership effects on student outcomes, the types of leadership that affect student outcomes, leadership development, and the limitations of the current research base. Muijs identified the massive increase in government expenditure for school leadership development around the globe and pointed out that
though some research suggested a correlation between leadership and school performance, that link was always mediated (usually by shared vision and goals).